r - Create a sequential number (counter) for rows within each group of a dataframe -

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this question has answer here:

how can generate unique id numbers within each group of dataframe? here's data grouped "personid":

personid date measurement 1         x     23 1         x     32 2         y     21 3         x     23 3         z     23 3         y     23

i wish add id column unique value each row within each subset defined "personid", starting 1. desired output:

personid date measurement id 1         x     23         1 1         x     32         2 2         y     21         1 3         x     23         1 3         z     23         2 3         y     23         3

i appreciate help.

the misleadingly named ave() function, argument fun=seq_along, accomplish nicely -- if personid column not strictly ordered.

df <- read.table(text = "personid date measurement 1         x     23 1         x     32 2         y     21 3         x     23 3         z     23 3         y     23", header=true)  ## first data.frame ave(df$personid, df$personid, fun=seq_along) # [1] 1 2 1 1 2 3  ## another, in personid *not* in order df2 <- df[c(2:6, 1),] ave(df2$personid, df2$personid, fun=seq_along) # [1] 1 1 1 2 3 2

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